Cartesian robots from Motion Automation Intelligence have a rigid structure, and their straight-line movement allows them to move heavy payloads quickly.

To determine if your operation could use the assistance of cartesian robots, it’s a good idea to become familiar with them first. Motion Automation Intelligence strives to inform our customers and lead them toward making the best decisions that will improve the productivity of their warehouses. Cartesian robots are industrial robots that move along three perpendicular axes (X, Y, and Z) using coordinated motions controlled by a single motion controller. They work with cartesian coordinates, which are linear coordinates in two or three dimensions. Although these axes restrict the robot to straight-line movements, the third axis often involves rotary motion (e.g., a tool arm on a CNC router).

Why use Cartesian Robots?

Why do many industrial applications call for cartesian robots? Well, machine designers tend to implement them for several reasons. Firstly, their rigid structure and straight-line movement allow them to move heavy payloads quickly, and their activities and functions are highly accurate and repeatable. Not only that but multiple robots can be controlled with a single controller, eliminating the need for PLC solutions or IO between various controllers. In addition, cartesian robots allow for long strokes of approximately 2 meters, allowing them to move heavy loads over long distances, while their fast movement speed and acceleration reduce cycle times. Furthermore, dual arms and the ability to set two units on the Z-axis minimize installation space.  Finally, they can be constructed using nearly any linear actuator in conjunction with various drive mechanisms (belt, ball or lead screw, pneumatic actuator, or linear motor).

Cartesian Robot vs. SCARA vs. Gantry?

Cartesian robots are not the only type of robots with X-Y-Z axes. Gantry robots, for example, have two X axes and one Y axis spanning them, offering two critical advantages over cartesian robots: the ability to carry heavier payloads and longer strokes for longer load distances. SCARA stands for selective compliance assembly (or articulated) robot arm and features six axes with a circular work envelope. This design offers greater flexibility in positioning and improved horizontal movement compared to cartesian robots. However, the circular work envelope requires more space and sacrifices precision for flexibility.

Cartesian robots are the better choice for applications where speed and precision are crucial, especially for limited space and heavy payloads. Gantry robots have similar capabilities as cartesian robots but are better suited for larger payloads. On the other hand, SCARA robots are ideal for applications requiring greater positioning flexibility, especially in harsh or underwater environments where cartesian robots need extra protection. Therefore, it’s essential to consider the payload and requirements of the task before choosing the appropriate robot type.